To Construct the Buildings I have included:
Cube
5. Make a square with the toothpicks by connecting them with 2 cm diameter spheres of modeling clay.
6. Put a toothpick in the top of each ball. They should be forming a 90° angle with the toothpicks on the bottom row.
7. Repeat step 5. Then place this square on top of the toothpicks that are sticking up. This is now a cube.
Tall Rectangle
8. Repeat steps 5-7 two more times.
9. Make three more cubes using steps 5-7.
10. Now put toothpicks in the top of each clay ball on the four higher ones as done in step 6.
11. Now make squares and place them on top of these toothpicks.
Pyramid
12. Repeat step 5.
13. Put one toothpick in each clay ball so that they can be connected at the top with another clay ball.
14. Connect each toothpick at the top with a clay ball. Each side should be a triangle.
Dome
15. Make a hexagon with toothpicks and connect them with clay.
16. Make triangles coming up out of every other 2 clay balls.
17. Connect the top of the triangles so that they form another triangle on top.
18. Repeat steps15-17 twice.
20 to 25 71/2 cm compression springs
Duct tape
Staples
Carpenter's stapler
Wire
25 screw eyes
Bamboo sticks
Pliers
Cutting shears
Plywood
Saw
Hi again!
I conducted some research measuring earthquakes, buildings and building designs and earthquake proof methods...
and here's what i gathered:
To determine the strength and location of an earthquake, scientists use a seismograph. A seismograph is a machine that has little sensors called seismometers. These detect the shakings of the ground that are sometimes very far away. They can detect movements as little as a billionth of a meter. Scientists called seismologists measure the ground movement in three directions: up-down, north-south, and east-west. The record of a wave is called a seismogram.
The intensity of an earthquake is usually measured on a 12-point scale called the Modified Mercalli Scale. The magnitude of an earthquake is measured on the Richter’s scale. This is a measure of the strength of its source, or focus. On this scale, every increase of one number means that the earthquake has 32 times more energy released by the quake.
To design structures that can withstand earthquakes, engineers must understand the stresses caused by shaking. Building designs are very important and designers need to understand how to "fool proof" the city in case of an earthquake. It is vital to protect buildings and work towards a building design that is almost earthquake 'proof'. Two extremely important principles exist when constructing a building; flexibility of the buildings and the ductility of them.
The building must not be too rigid or it will collapse during an earthquake. It must also be durable enough to cope with earthquake pressures. That is why concrete, which is brittle, is embedded with steel bars.
Architects and engineers have also developed several building types. They include base isolation, cross bracing, shear core and shear wall buildings. A base isolator is put at the base of a building between the foundation and the actual building. The base isolator is made from layers of steel and synthetic rubber. The base isolator absorbs some of the vibrations. Cross bracing has braces in each side and on each level, which forms a cross. This reinforces the walls of a building. Shear core buildings have a square core in the middle that runs from top to bottom. Shear walls are made out of concrete with steel beams through them. This helps to resist the rocking that an earthquake has.
Flexible framework also helps the building to sway. Flexible framework is better than stiff framework because it will just bend in the shaking of an earthquake. If the building has stiff framework then it would break and the building would collapse.
okay, so i have completed my full research, now i start building! Yay!
